Illuminating Empirical Evidence of Climate Change: Impacts on Rice Production in the Punjab Regions, Pakistan

Climate change can disrupt food availability and reduce access to by affecting agricultural production in the world. Thus, current empirical study investigates impacts of climate on rice over different regions Punjab, Pakistan for period 1979–2018. The bound test co-integration method with autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) was used explore symmetric relationship between production. Furthermore, this employed a nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) approach investigate asymmetric results indicate that long run there is negative average maximum temperature all three regions. long-run minimum (Tmin) has significant association during kharif season Southern Western Punjab. While Central positive rice. rainfall indicates as increases it would cause rice, while Punjab increased an increase Moreover, NARDL dynamic multiplier analysis also supports showing dominance high impact component investigating Pakistan.